ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of companion fungus on hyphal growth and polysaccharide content of Polyporus umbellata.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The mycelia and culture filtrate of companion fungus were added to the liquid culture system, and the biomass yield and polysaccharide of P. umbellatus were measured.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Mycelia and appropriate unsterilized culture filtrate of companion fungus could enhance the biomass yield of P. umbellatus significantly, while sterilized culture filtrate of companion fungus could decrease the biomass yield of P. umbellatus significantly. Either mycelia or culture filtrate of companion fungus could increase the intracellular polysaccharide content of P. umbellatus significantly. At the same time, they also could decrease extracellular polysaccharide content of P. umbellatus evidently.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The mycelia and culture filtrate of companion fungus could be used in further fermentation of P. umbellatus.</p>
Subject(s)
Biomass , Extracellular Space , Metabolism , Hyphae , Intracellular Space , Metabolism , Polyporus , Cell Biology , Metabolism , Polysaccharides , Metabolism , SymbiosisABSTRACT
Morphological characteristics of hyphal interaction between Grifola umbellata (Pers. Ex Fr.) Pilat and its companion fungus which related to sclerotia formation from hyphae were investigated by external observations, light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). External observations showed that a dense antagonism line was formed by both G. umbellata and companion fungus after their hyphae contacted each other in dual culture. Many hyphal strands emerged on the colony of G. umbellata and differentiated to sclerotia from where hyphal strands crossed. Light microscope observations revealed the process of antagonism line formation. Mature antagonism with structural differentiation, was composed of three main layers: the rind, the rind underlayer and the hypha layer. TEM observations showed that after colonies hyphal contact, a series of reactions always occurred in both G. umbellata and companion fungus. Cells in the center of antagonism line were dead. Cells of G. umbellata adjacent to the antagonism line were usually large and hollow, with unilateral thickened wall, whereas those of companion fungus were empty, with thin or thick wall. Both hyphal interaction at the antagonism line may be one of the main reasons for sclerotia of G. umbellata differentiation from hypha.
Subject(s)
Humans , Friends , Fungi , Grifola , Hyphae , Microscopy , Microscopy, Electron, TransmissionABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of companion fungus on several enzymatic activities of Grifola umbellata.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Chitinase, beta-1,3-glucanase, proteinase and extracellular enzymes of G. umbellata were measured during dual culturing with companion fungus.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Companion fungus could induce the increase of chitinase and beta-1, 3-glucanase activities of G. umbellata. noevident changeswere found in proteinase activity. When in liquid culture, the activities of extracellular enzymes in dual cultured filtrate were between of these of G. umbellata and companion fungus in monocultures.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Sclerotia differentiation related materials supplied by mutual nutritional supplement between G. umbellata and companion fungus conduce to sclerotial formation of G. umbellata.</p>
Subject(s)
Catechol Oxidase , Chitinases , Coculture Techniques , Glucan 1,3-beta-Glucosidase , Grifola , Physiology , Peptide Hydrolases , PolyporaceaeABSTRACT
The sequences of 5.8S rDNA and the flanking internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) were sequenced from hypha, fruit body and sclerotia of Grifola umbellata and its companion fungus. Their ITS sequences similarity was 99.36%. The results suggested that G. umbellata was closely related to its companion fungus.